Palestinian history is marked by a rich cultural heritage and a long-standing connection to the land. The region, known as Palestine, has been inhabited for thousands of years, with significant historical sites such as Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Over centuries, it has seen various rulers, including the Ottoman Empire and the British Mandate, shaping its diverse society. In the 20th century, the conflict between Jewish and Arab populations intensified, particularly after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. This led to the displacement of many Palestinians, known as the Nakba, and ongoing disputes over land and sovereignty, which continue to influence the region's dynamics today.