The Palatinate-Neuburg was a historical territory in the Holy Roman Empire, established in the late 16th century. It originated from the division of the Electorate of the Palatinate and was ruled by the House of Wittelsbach. The region included parts of present-day Germany and was known for its strategic importance and cultural contributions. In 1614, the territory was elevated to a duchy, further enhancing its political significance. The Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg played a crucial role in regional politics, particularly during the Thirty Years' War. The duchy eventually merged with other territories, leading to its dissolution in the 18th century.