The Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg was a title held by rulers of the Palatinate-Neuburg region in Germany during the late 16th to the 18th centuries. This duchy was part of the larger Electorate of the Palatinate and was established in 1569. The dukes played a significant role in the political landscape of the Holy Roman Empire, often engaging in alliances and conflicts with neighboring states. The most notable duke was Philipp Wilhelm, who ruled from 1614 to 1653. Under his leadership, the duchy experienced cultural growth and economic development. The lineage of the dukes eventually contributed to the broader House of Wittelsbach, which had significant influence in European history.