The P vs NP Problem is a major unsolved question in computer science that asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified (NP) can also be quickly solved (P). In simpler terms, it questions if finding a solution is as easy as checking one. If it turns out that P equals NP, it would mean that many complex problems, like scheduling or optimizing routes, could be solved efficiently. Conversely, if P does not equal NP, it would imply that some problems are inherently difficult to solve, even if their solutions can be verified quickly.