An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. It consists of a sequence of instructions that can be followed to achieve a specific goal, such as sorting data or performing calculations. Algorithms are fundamental in computer science and are used in various applications, from simple tasks to complex processes. Algorithms can be expressed in different forms, including natural language, pseudocode, or programming languages. They are essential for tasks like searching for information on the internet or optimizing routes in navigation systems. Understanding algorithms helps improve efficiency and effectiveness in problem-solving across many fields, including mathematics, computer programming, and data analysis.