Complexity Theory is a branch of mathematics and computer science that studies how complex systems behave and interact. It helps us understand problems that are difficult to solve, like predicting weather patterns or analyzing social networks. By examining how different parts of a system work together, researchers can identify patterns and make sense of seemingly chaotic behavior. In computer science, Complexity Theory classifies problems based on how much time and resources they require to solve. This classification helps determine which problems can be solved efficiently and which are inherently difficult, guiding the development of algorithms and improving our understanding of computational limits.