The Ottoman Empire was a vast and powerful state that existed from the late 13th century until the early 20th century, primarily in Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. It was known for its diverse culture, strong military, and significant contributions to art and architecture, including the famous Hagia Sophia. The Habsburg Monarchy, on the other hand, was a major European power from the late Middle Ages until the early 20th century, centered in Austria and Hungary. The Habsburgs ruled over a large territory that included various ethnic groups and regions, often engaging in conflicts with the Ottomans, particularly during the Battle of Vienna in 1683.