Oryza sativa, commonly known as rice, is a staple food crop that belongs to the grass family. It is cultivated primarily in warm, wet regions and is a vital source of carbohydrates for over half of the world's population. There are two main varieties: indica, which is long-grained and often grown in tropical climates, and japonica, which is short-grained and typically found in temperate regions. Rice is grown in flooded fields called paddies, which help control weeds and pests. It requires specific conditions, including ample water and sunlight, to thrive. As a versatile ingredient, rice is used in various cuisines worldwide, making it an essential part of many cultures.