Oral microbiology is the study of microorganisms that inhabit the mouth, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. These microorganisms form complex communities known as biofilms, which can influence oral health and disease. Common conditions associated with oral microbiota include dental caries and periodontal disease. Research in oral microbiology helps us understand how these microorganisms interact with each other and with the host. This knowledge can lead to better prevention and treatment strategies for oral diseases, as well as insights into the connections between oral health and systemic conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes.