Oral hypoglycemics are medications used to lower blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. They work by improving the body's response to insulin or increasing insulin production from the pancreas. Common classes of oral hypoglycemics include sulfonylureas, biguanides, and DPP-4 inhibitors. These medications are typically taken in pill form and are often used alongside lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, to manage blood sugar levels effectively. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and to prevent potential complications associated with diabetes.