DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by blocking the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, which increases levels of incretin hormones. These hormones help regulate blood sugar levels by promoting insulin release and reducing glucose production in the liver. Common examples of DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin. These medications are usually taken orally and can be used alone or in combination with other diabetes treatments. They are generally well-tolerated, with a low risk of causing low blood sugar, making them a popular choice for managing diabetes.