Oncogenic types refer to the various categories of genes or factors that can lead to the development of cancer. These include oncogenes, which promote cell growth and division, and tumor suppressor genes, which normally inhibit these processes. When mutations occur in these genes, they can disrupt the balance of cell regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Additionally, viral oncogenes are another type, where certain viruses can insert their genetic material into host cells, triggering cancerous changes. Examples include human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Understanding these oncogenic types is crucial for developing targeted cancer therapies and prevention strategies.