Viral oncogenes are genes found in certain viruses that can promote cancer development in host cells. These genes can alter normal cell functions, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division. When a virus infects a cell, it may integrate its oncogenes into the host's DNA, disrupting normal regulatory mechanisms. Many viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), carry oncogenes that are linked to specific types of cancer. Understanding these viral oncogenes helps researchers develop targeted therapies and vaccines to prevent virus-related cancers, improving public health outcomes.