Numa Pompilius was the legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus. He is often credited with establishing many of the religious and cultural institutions that shaped early Roman society. Numa is known for his peaceful reign, which lasted from 715 to 673 BCE, and for promoting the worship of the gods, as well as the creation of various priestly offices. Numa's contributions included the introduction of the Roman calendar, which helped organize the year into months and festivals. He is also associated with the founding of the Vestals, priestesses dedicated to the goddess Vesta, and the establishment of various religious rites that emphasized the importance of piety in Roman life.