Northern Rhodesia was a British protectorate located in south-central Africa, primarily corresponding to present-day Zambia. Established in the late 19th century, it became a significant area for copper mining and agriculture. The region was rich in natural resources, which attracted European settlers and investors. In 1964, Northern Rhodesia gained independence and was renamed Zambia. The transition marked the end of colonial rule and the beginning of self-governance for its people. The first president of Zambia was Kenneth Kaunda, who played a crucial role in the country's development and political landscape following independence.