The Northern Liang was a historical state that existed during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China, from around 397 to 439 AD. It was located in the northwestern region, primarily in what is now Gansu and Ningxia provinces. The state was founded by the Xiongnu people, a nomadic group, and played a significant role in the political landscape of northern China during its time. The Northern Liang was known for its cultural exchanges and interactions with neighboring states, including Northern Wei and Western Qin. It was characterized by a mix of nomadic and settled agricultural lifestyles, which influenced its economy and society. The state eventually fell to the Northern Wei, marking the end of its political significance.