Northern Iraq is a region known for its diverse geography, which includes mountains, plains, and rivers. It is home to various ethnic groups, including Kurds, Arabs, and Turkmen. The area has a rich history, with ancient cities and archaeological sites that reflect its cultural heritage. The region is also significant for its natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas. Major cities in Northern Iraq include Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region, and Mosul, which has historical importance. The area has faced challenges, including conflict and political instability, but remains a vital part of Iraq.