Northern European architecture is characterized by its functional design, use of natural materials, and integration with the surrounding landscape. Common features include steep roofs, large windows, and a focus on sustainability. This style often reflects the region's climate, with buildings designed to withstand harsh winters and maximize natural light. Key examples of Northern European architecture include the Scandinavian style, which emphasizes minimalism and simplicity, and the Gothic cathedrals found in Norway and Sweden. Additionally, modern architects like Alvar Aalto and Jørn Utzon have contributed to the evolution of this architectural tradition, blending traditional elements with contemporary design.