Non-metallic elements are a group of chemical elements that typically lack the characteristics of metals. They are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity and can exist in various states at room temperature, including gases like oxygen and nitrogen, liquids like bromine, and solids like sulfur. Non-metals tend to have higher electronegativities and ionization energies compared to metals. These elements play crucial roles in various chemical processes and are essential for life. For example, carbon is a fundamental building block of organic molecules, while phosphorus is vital for energy transfer in cells. Non-metallic elements are found in many compounds, contributing to the diversity of materials in nature.