Non-metals are elements that typically lack the characteristics of metals. They are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they can be found in various states at room temperature, including gases like oxygen and nitrogen, and solids like sulfur and carbon. Non-metals tend to have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals. These elements play crucial roles in nature and industry. For example, carbon is essential for life, forming the basis of organic compounds, while chlorine is widely used in disinfectants. Non-metals can also form covalent bonds with other non-metals, creating a variety of compounds essential for chemical reactions.