Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus that can be transmitted from animals to humans. It was first identified in 1999 during an outbreak in Malaysia, where it affected pig farmers. The virus is primarily carried by fruit bats and can spread through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated food and surfaces. In humans, Nipah virus can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, leading to symptoms like fever, headache, and confusion. The mortality rate can be high, making it a significant public health concern. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine for Nipah virus, so prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected animals.