The New Zealand Gold Rush began in the 1860s when gold was discovered in the Otago region. This event attracted thousands of prospectors and settlers, leading to a significant population increase and economic growth. Towns like Dunedin and Gabriel's Gully quickly developed as people sought their fortunes. The rush continued into the 1870s, spreading to other areas such as West Coast and Coromandel. While many found gold, others faced hardships, including harsh living conditions and competition. Ultimately, the gold rush played a crucial role in shaping New Zealand's economy and society during the 19th century.