New islands are landforms that emerge from bodies of water, often due to volcanic activity, sediment deposition, or rising sea levels. They can be formed when underwater volcanoes erupt, creating new land, or when rivers deposit sediment that builds up over time. These islands can vary in size and ecosystem, hosting unique flora and fauna. Some new islands are temporary, as they may erode or submerge again due to natural processes. For example, the island of Surtsey off the coast of Iceland was formed by a volcanic eruption in 1963 and has been studied for its ecological development.