Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors on the nerves, particularly the vestibular schwannomas, which affect hearing and balance. It is caused by mutations in the NF2 gene, leading to the development of tumors primarily in the central nervous system. Individuals with NF2 may experience symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance issues due to the tumors. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like MRI scans, and treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, or monitoring the tumors over time.