Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects that occur when the neural tube, which forms the baby's brain and spinal cord, does not close completely during early pregnancy. This can lead to conditions such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which can cause physical and cognitive disabilities. NTDs can happen in any pregnancy, but certain factors, like a lack of folic acid during pregnancy, can increase the risk. Preventive measures, such as taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy, can significantly reduce the likelihood of NTDs. Healthcare providers often recommend that women of childbearing age consume adequate amounts of this vitamin to support healthy fetal development. Early diagnosis through ultrasound and other screening methods can help in managing these conditions effectively.