Nephropathy refers to kidney damage or disease that affects the function of the kidneys. It can result from various causes, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and infections. When the kidneys are damaged, they may struggle to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, leading to serious health issues. There are different types of nephropathy, such as diabetic nephropathy, which is specifically related to diabetes, and hypertensive nephropathy, linked to high blood pressure. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent further kidney damage and maintain overall health.