Nephrology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of the kidneys. It involves understanding how the kidneys function, diagnosing kidney diseases, and managing conditions such as chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, and hypertension. Nephrologists, the doctors specializing in this field, work to ensure that the kidneys effectively filter waste and maintain the body's fluid balance. Patients may see a nephrologist for various reasons, including symptoms like swelling, high blood pressure, or abnormal lab results. Treatment options can range from lifestyle changes and medications to dialysis or kidney transplantation, depending on the severity of the kidney condition.