The Near East, often referred to as the Middle East, encompasses a region that includes countries such as Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. This area is known for its rich history, being the cradle of ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt. It has played a crucial role in the development of human culture, religion, and trade. In addition to its historical importance, the Near East is characterized by diverse cultures, languages, and religions. It is home to significant religious sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The region continues to influence global politics and economics, making it a focal point of international interest.