The Nayak Dynasty was a prominent South Indian dynasty that ruled parts of present-day Tamil Nadu and Karnataka from the 16th to the 18th centuries. They were originally governors under the Vijayanagara Empire and later established their own rule after the empire's decline. The Nayaks are known for their contributions to art, architecture, and culture, particularly in the construction of temples and palaces. The dynasty is divided into several branches, with the most notable being the Nayaks of Madurai and the Nayaks of Tanjore. They played a significant role in regional politics and were known for their military prowess. The Nayak rulers also promoted trade and agriculture, contributing to the economic development of their territories.