Nanban refers to a historical period in Japan during the 16th to 19th centuries when European traders and missionaries, particularly from Portugal and Spain, arrived in the country. The term "Nanban" translates to "Southern Barbarians," reflecting how the Japanese viewed these foreign visitors. This era marked significant cultural exchange, introducing Western goods, ideas, and technologies to Japan. The Nanban trade led to the introduction of various items, including firearms, textiles, and new agricultural practices. Additionally, it facilitated the spread of Christianity through missionaries like Francis Xavier. This interaction profoundly influenced Japanese society, art, and economy, leaving a lasting legacy in the nation's history.