The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is an international agreement aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. Established in 1968, it has three main pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament, and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Countries that sign the treaty commit to not developing nuclear weapons and to working towards disarmament. As of now, the NPT has been signed by 191 countries, making it one of the most widely adhered-to arms control agreements. Notably, five countries—United States, Russia, China, France, and United Kingdom—are recognized as nuclear-armed states under the treaty, while others are encouraged to pursue peaceful nuclear technology.