NMDA receptors are a type of glutamate receptor found in the brain that play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, which is essential for learning and memory. They are unique because they require both glutamate binding and a change in voltage to open, allowing calcium ions to enter the neuron. This process helps strengthen connections between neurons. These receptors are involved in various brain functions and are linked to several neurological conditions. Dysregulation of NMDA receptors can contribute to disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. Understanding their function is vital for developing potential treatments for these conditions.