Muslim civilization refers to the cultural, scientific, and artistic achievements of societies influenced by Islam from the 7th century onward. It spans regions including the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia and Europe. Key contributions include advancements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and architecture, exemplified by structures like the Alhambra and the Great Mosque of Samarra. The spread of Muslim civilization was facilitated by trade, scholarship, and the establishment of institutions such as madrasas and libraries. Notable figures include Ibn Sina (Avicenna) in medicine and Al-Khwarizmi in mathematics. This rich heritage continues to influence various fields today.