Mud volcanoes are geological formations that occur when a mixture of water, mud, and gases erupts from the Earth's crust. They are typically found in areas with significant tectonic activity, where underground pressure builds up. The mud is often heated by geothermal energy, causing it to become less viscous and easier to flow. These formations can vary in size, from small mounds to large hills, and can create unique landscapes. Mud volcanoes are often associated with natural gas and oil deposits, and they can release methane and other gases into the atmosphere. They are found in various locations around the world, including Azerbaijan and Italy.