Mud logging is a process used in the oil and gas industry to monitor and analyze the drilling of wells. It involves collecting and examining samples of the drilling mud, which is a mixture of water, clay, and other materials used to cool the drill bit and carry rock cuttings to the surface. The data gathered helps geologists and engineers understand the geological formations being drilled and assess the potential for oil or gas production. During mud logging, specialists known as mud loggers record various parameters, such as the rate of penetration, gas levels, and the types of rock encountered. This information is crucial for making informed decisions about drilling operations and optimizing resource extraction. The process also aids in identifying any potential hazards, ensuring safety during drilling activities.