Drilling fluid, also known as drilling mud, is a crucial component in the drilling process for oil and gas wells. It serves multiple purposes, including cooling and lubricating the drill bit, carrying rock cuttings to the surface, and maintaining pressure in the wellbore to prevent blowouts. There are two main types of drilling fluids: water-based and oil-based. Water-based fluids are more environmentally friendly and easier to clean up, while oil-based fluids provide better lubrication and stability in certain geological conditions. The choice of drilling fluid depends on the specific requirements of the drilling operation.