Moses Hess (1812-1875) was a German philosopher and one of the founders of modern socialism. He is best known for his work in the development of socialist thought and for his advocacy of Jewish nationalism. Hess believed in the importance of social justice and the need for a collective approach to economic issues, which influenced later socialist movements. In addition to his political ideas, Hess wrote extensively about the relationship between socialism and Judaism. His notable works include "Rome and Jerusalem," where he argued for the establishment of a Jewish homeland. His ideas laid the groundwork for future thinkers in both the socialist and Zionist movements.