Zionism is a political and cultural movement that emerged in the late 19th century, advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It arose in response to widespread anti-Semitism and the desire for self-determination among Jewish people. The movement played a significant role in the founding of the modern state of Israel in 1948. Zionism encompasses various ideologies, ranging from secular to religious beliefs. While many support the idea of a Jewish state, opinions on its implementation and the rights of Palestinians vary widely. The term "Zionist" can refer to individuals who support these goals, regardless of their personal beliefs or backgrounds.