Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was the last monarch of Iran, ruling from 1941 until his overthrow in 1979. He was born on October 27, 1919, and became king after his father, Reza Shah, was forced to abdicate during World War II. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize and westernize Iran, including significant economic and social reforms. The Shah's policies, known as the White Revolution, aimed to transform the country but also led to widespread discontent among various groups. His close ties with the United States and suppression of political dissent contributed to the growing opposition, culminating in the Iranian Revolution that resulted in his exile.