Reza Shah was the ruler of Iran from 1925 to 1941. He is known for modernizing the country and implementing various reforms, including building infrastructure, promoting education, and establishing a more centralized government. His efforts aimed to transform Iran into a modern nation-state, moving away from traditional practices. However, Reza Shah's reign was also marked by authoritarianism. He suppressed political opposition and limited freedoms, which led to discontent among various groups. In 1941, during World War II, he was forced to abdicate the throne by the Allied Powers, who were concerned about his close ties with Nazi Germany.