Modern Chinese literature refers to literary works produced in China from the late 19th century to the present. This period includes significant movements such as the May Fourth Movement, which emphasized new cultural ideas and the use of the vernacular Chinese language. Notable authors include Lu Xun, whose writings critiqued traditional society, and Ba Jin, known for his novels exploring family and social issues. The literature often reflects the rapid changes in Chinese society, including the impact of colonialism, revolution, and globalization. Genres range from poetry and fiction to essays, with themes addressing identity, social justice, and the human experience. Modern Chinese literature continues to evolve, gaining international recognition.