Mirza Hadi Ruswa was a prominent Urdu novelist and poet from India, born in 1857 in Lucknow. He is best known for his novel Umrao Jaan Ada, which tells the story of a courtesan in 19th-century India. His work is celebrated for its rich language and deep exploration of themes such as love, loss, and societal norms. Ruswa's literary contributions significantly influenced Urdu literature, and he is regarded as one of the pioneers of the modern Urdu novel. He also wrote poetry and essays, showcasing his versatility as a writer. He passed away in 1931, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the literary world.