Microbial detection refers to the methods used to identify and quantify microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, in various environments. This process is essential in fields like medicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring, as it helps ensure public health and safety by identifying harmful pathogens. Techniques for microbial detection include culture methods, where samples are grown in controlled conditions, and molecular methods, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which amplify specific DNA sequences. Other approaches include immunological assays that use antibodies to detect specific microbes, providing rapid and accurate results in various applications.