Molecular methods refer to techniques used to analyze biological molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. These methods allow scientists to study the structure, function, and interactions of these molecules at a molecular level. Common techniques include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing, which help in identifying genetic variations and understanding diseases. These methods are widely used in various fields, including genetics, microbiology, and forensic science. By employing molecular methods, researchers can detect pathogens, study genetic disorders, and even solve criminal cases by analyzing biological evidence. Their precision and sensitivity make them essential tools in modern science.