Michael O'Dwyer was a British colonial administrator in India during the early 20th century. He served as the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab from 1912 to 1919, a period marked by significant political unrest and social change in the region. O'Dwyer is often associated with the controversial response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indian civilians. O'Dwyer's policies were aimed at maintaining British control over India, but they also sparked widespread criticism and opposition. His tenure is often discussed in the context of the growing Indian independence movement, which sought to end British rule and establish self-governance. O'Dwyer's legacy remains a topic of debate among historians and scholars.