Mesopotamian societies emerged in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as the "Cradle of Civilization." This area, located in modern-day Iraq, was home to some of the earliest urban centers, such as Sumer, Akkad, and Babylon. These societies developed advanced agricultural techniques, which allowed them to support large populations and create complex social structures. The people of Mesopotamia made significant contributions to writing, mathematics, and law. They invented cuneiform, one of the first writing systems, and established codes like the Code of Hammurabi. Their innovations laid the groundwork for future civilizations and influenced cultures across the world.