The Mesopotamian civilizations emerged in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, known as the "Cradle of Civilization." This area, located in present-day Iraq, saw the rise of several influential cultures, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These societies developed advanced agricultural practices, established city-states, and created some of the earliest forms of writing, such as cuneiform. Trade and innovation flourished in Mesopotamia, leading to significant advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and law. The famous Code of Hammurabi is one of the earliest written legal codes from this region. Mesopotamian civilizations laid the groundwork for future societies, influencing culture, governance, and technology throughout history.