Mesopotamian agriculture developed in the fertile region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as the "Cradle of Civilization." Farmers utilized irrigation techniques to control water supply, allowing them to grow crops like barley, wheat, and legumes. This agricultural surplus supported the growth of cities and complex societies. The use of tools such as the plow and the establishment of granaries helped store excess food. Additionally, the domestication of animals like sheep and goats provided meat, milk, and wool. This agricultural foundation was crucial for the rise of early civilizations, including the Sumerians and Babylonians.