Mental calculation refers to the ability to perform arithmetic operations in one's head without the use of calculators or paper. This skill involves manipulating numbers and applying mathematical concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division mentally. It is often used in everyday situations, like budgeting or estimating costs, and can enhance cognitive abilities. Practicing mental calculation can improve memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills. Techniques such as breaking down complex problems into simpler parts or using visualization can aid in this process. Many educators encourage mental calculation to foster a deeper understanding of mathematics and to build confidence in numerical abilities.