Membrane filtration is a process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate particles from liquids. This technique allows smaller molecules, such as water and certain solutes, to pass through while blocking larger particles, including bacteria and suspended solids. It is commonly used in water treatment, food processing, and pharmaceuticals to ensure product purity and safety. There are various types of membrane filtration, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Each type operates at different pressure levels and is suited for specific applications. By selecting the appropriate membrane, industries can effectively remove contaminants and achieve desired filtration results.